General terms:

Nativitatis Infantis » birth of a child
Obitus » death
Dies Copulat(ionis) » day of marriage

Terms from the book of Nativitatis Infantis (births):

Annus et Mensis » year and month
Dies » day
Horam » hour
Puer: legitimi / illegitimi » boy, legitimate / illegitimate
Puella: legitima / illegitima » girl, legitimate / illegitimate
Locus Nativitatis » place of birth
Baptismi Infantis » child's baptism
Nomen Infantis » child's name
Nomen et Cognomen Parochus Baptizantis » name and surname of the parish priest who baptized
Nomen et Cognomen: Patris / Matris » name and surname of the father / mother
Profesio Parentum » parents' profession
Nomen et cognomen Atque Profesio Patrinorum » parents' name and surname and profession Godparents

Descriptions from the Obitus (Death) Book:

In quo Loco » place of death
Nomen et Cognomen Mortui » name and surname of the deceased
Aetas: Annus, Mensis, Dies » age of the deceased: year, month, day of death
Conditio Mortui » social status of the deceased
Conditio et Profesio » social status and profession
Nomen et Cognomen: Patris / Matris » name and surname of the father / mother
Masculi: legitimi / illegitimi » male gender: legitimate / illegitimate
Foemina: legitima / illegitima » female gender: legitimate / illegitimate
Morbus » illness
Unde patet Curato, personam defunctam esse eandem, sicuti ipsi relatum » from which it is clear to the parish priest that the deceased person is the same as reported to him.

Descriptions from the Dies Copulat (Marriages) Book:

Nomen et Cognomen sacerdotis nuptias Copulantes » name and surname of the parish priest officiating the marriage
Nomen et Cognomen Copulatorum » name and surname groom and bride
Locus habitationis » place of residence
Aetas: Sponsi et Sponsae » ages of the groom and bride
Parentum utrorum » parents of both
Proclamatio Bannorum » wedding announcement
Dispensatio a proclamatione » parish announcements
Testes: Nomen, Cognomen, Conditio » wedding witnesses: name, surname, social status

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Recommendations:

As with any hobby, there are countless associations and books devoted to genealogical research. An unlimited amount of information is also available online. On the websites of the Computer Genealogy Association, Genealogy Network Polska, Poznań Project, Baza Systemu Indeksacji Archiwalnej, you can find almost everything you need. One of the largest databases is offered by Familysearch. I strongly recommend using programs to manage the collected data, for example Gramps.

Useful Information:

Kurrent-Schreibmaschine – A Tool for Assisting in Reading Old German Texts
Russian spelling